Radhia Haddad écrit dans son autobiographie Parole de femme : 0000004323 00000 n In the same period Shayk Mohamed Fadhel Ben Achour, who was mufti of Tunisia and rector of the University of Ez-Zitouna, issued a fatwa, result of a personal ijtihad. 0000327980 00000 n promulgation du Code du Statut Personnel. Academia.edu is a platform for academics to share research papers. It seems to affirm a distinctiveness which it has followed since the beylical period which, "on the eve of the institution of the French protectorate was going to engage in a process of reforms establishing its connection to society in a modern national perspective.". This rate was 2.2 children per woman in 1998 and 1.73 children in 2007. Proclaimed on March 20, 1956, then promulgated on August 13 of the same year (Muharram 6, 1376) by Lamin Bey's beylical decree, the Code came into force on January 1, 1957. Les articles du texte : Préambule; Article premier; Article 2; Articles 3-4-5. In 1930, Tahar Haddad, himself influenced by the reformist current begun in the Nineteenth Century by Kheirredine Pasha, Ibn Ahmad ibn Abi Diyaf, Muhammad Snoussi, Salem Bouhageb, Mohamed Bayram V and other thinkers who all defended the concept of modernism, published "Our Women in Sharia and Society." 0000005494 00000 n Alerte Google : "code du statut personnel" Showing 1-31 of 31 messages. La Tunisie présente un modèle de code de statut personnel unique et exceptionnel par rapport aux autres pays arabes. 14 et s du CSPT). By her work a woman or a girl assures her existence and becomes conscious of her dignity.". Décret du 13 août 1956, portant promulgation du Code du Statut Personnel. In Tunisia, the pursuit of political feminism is so very necessary as it constitutes a main argument in the country's favourable image in the West. Le Code du statut personnel (arabe : مجلة الأحوال الشخصية) ou CSP consiste en une série de lois progressistes tunisiennes, promulguées le 13 août 1956 par décret beylical puis entrées en vigueur le 1 er janvier 1957, visant à l'instauration de l'égalité entre l'homme et la femme dans nombre de domaines. Bourguiba founded the Union of Tunisian Women in 1956 entrusting to it leadership in favourable publicity for his feminist policy. This page was last edited on 28 June 2020, at 07:27. The Union of women and the Union of girls belonging to the Communist party agitated especially in the social and labour domains. Bourguiba is declared to be a mujtahid and not a Kemalist, because he reproached the Turkist leader as too removed from society. He described to as a radical reform which would make marriage a "state matter, an act that must be supervised by public law and society in its entirety." During the presidential election, Ben Ali's program had the slogan, "Women's perspectives renewed.". As for the Muslim union and the cells destourian women created in 1951-1952, they did not begin to call for the right to vote and eligibility for office until 1955. The new president provided proof of an extreme prudence, seeing that this is the connection that a good part of public opinion based itself in forming its judgment on the new president. Moreover, if a child did not possess his own goods, the necessary costs of his upbringing were predicated on those of the father. Nevertheless, unemployment affects women disproportionately, 16.7 per cent in 2004 compared to 12.9 per cent for men. daccess-ods.un.org. Finally, another prescription annulled the privilege of paternal grandparents to receive support payments for children. 0000330935 00000 n Thus, the dowry, although it does not constitute a cause for divorce in cases of default payment, still exists, the husband's home is the only one that may be considered the family residence and inheritance is completely unequal, as sharia grants to men a share double that of women (one of the rare cases where Islamic law is applied in Tunisia). As for the jurist, Yadh Ben Achour Achour, he explained in "Politics, Religion and Law in the Arab World" (1992) that "The Tunisian woman is still entangled in too many archaisms and suffers too violently the effects of social anomie to be able to benefit fully from Bourguiba's reforms.". 0 A law of March 1958 imposed civil marriage and on December 14, 1960, another law limited to four the number of children benefiting from family allowances. Il est vrai que le Code du statut personnel tunisien a aboli en Tunisie depuis 1956 la polygamie et la répudiation pratiquée jadis sous forme d’un acte rédigé chez le notaire à la demande de l’époux prévoyant de rompre unilatéralement le mariage qui le lie à son épouse. il y a 2 ans | 3 vues. These two rights became official on March 14, 1957 and Tunisian women voted for the first time in municipal elections in May 1959 and later in the presidential and legislative elections of November 1959. The issue of virginity at marriage and the influence of religious preachers castigating on Middle Eastern television networks the Western way of life played an important role in this debate. Bourguiba himself yielded to the conservatives' wishes and in 1974 refused the pressure of his entourage and the majority of his government wanting to modify the law concerning equality in succession, which had instituted the equality of the sexes in relation to inheritance. Bourguiba referred to a sura of the Koran to justify this measure: "We have abided by the spirit of the Holy Book... which indicates monogamy. Many translated example sentences containing "le code du statut personnel tunisien" – English-French dictionary and search engine for English translations. 0000325661 00000 n Polygamy, although rather marginal in the period, is likewise forbidden, even if the second union is not "formal:" "Whosoever being engaged in the bonds of matrimony shall contract another before the dissolution of the preceding shall be liable to a year's imprisonment and to a fine." Bourguiba's successor, Zine El Abidine Ben Ali, did not challenge the Code and himself introduced modifications that reinforced it, in particular with the July 1993 amendment. Son commentaire de la Moudawwana, autrement dit, du Code du statut personnel marocain, promulgué en 1957-1958, a été conçu dans le même esprit, et suivant le même plan que celui qu'il avait consacré, il y a quelques années, au Code du statut personnel tunisien. (J.O.R.T n°104 du 28 Décembre 1956) Louanges à Dieu ! On February 9, 1994, "Tunisian Women's Day" was organized by the French senate under the title "Tunisia, an Assumed Modernity." authentique laïque, l’État tunisien, de l’indépendance à aujourd’hui, n’a jamais été laïc. As early as 1868, Hayreddin Pasha wrote "The Surest Way to an Understanding of the State of Nations" in Arabic. In addition, between ten thousand and fifteen thousand of them are business leaders. Certainly, Tunisian public services are accessible to all without distinction of creed and the constitution guarantees religious freedom, so long as it does not threaten public order, but Islam remains the state religion, to the extent that it is said it is obligatory for the president of the republic to be able to assert it. Cette matière devint autonome avec la promulgation du code du statut personnel tunisien (CSP) et de la Moudawwana marocaine. Alerte Google : "code du statut personnel" Google Alerts: 3/30/19 5:00 AM ", In 1995, other legislative innovations were voted in the allocation of the goods at the heart of a couple, recognizing the fact that the composition of the goods was made by two spouses and in divorce cases women could not be excluded in the division of joint inheritances. 14 et s du CSPT). Le droit des successions est régi par les articles 85 et suivants du CSP. . According to the decrees of March 29, 1956 and October 1, 1958, Zitouna University was closed as were the other madrasses, the official goal being "to progressively suppress all previous types of teaching, unadapted, hybrid or outdated." The arguments he presented there were subsequently adopted by Bourguiba in his speeches. CODE DU STATUT PERSONNEL Décret du 13 août 1956, portant promulgation Du Code du Statut Personnel (1) Louanges à Dieu ! Gouvernement Tunisien (aprueba) Descripción Clasificación Documento Índice: Code de Statut Personnel en Tunisie Indice Livre I - Du mariage- Chapitre I - Des fiançailles- Chapitre II - Du mariage. Also, the silence of the Code concerning marriage between a Muslim woman and a non Muslim man, since 1969, is interpreted by most judges as a recognition of the prohibition decreed by Muslim law in the matter. Until then women had to accept the husband's prerogative. On September 7, he asked members of the religious courts for their opinions concerning the Code's conformity with religious law. L'un des époux ne peut revenir durant l'audience de jugement sur l'accord donné en conciliation qu'avec l'assentiment de l'autre conjoint. Ben Ali later granted a presidential pardon to Rached Ghannouchi, freed on May 14, 1988. He recognized on this occasion that the equality of the sexes did not yet fully exist and foresaw future improvements. Accueil Tags Code du statut personnel tunisie. (J. O. R. T. n°104 du 28 décembre 1956) Once more, Bourguiba justified himself by the decree of the Koran: The Code also instituted the principle of the equality of men and women in relation to citizenship. He managed not to attack equality of the sexes concerning inheritance directly, the Code continuing to consider man the head of the family and expressing the fact that spouses must fulfil their conjugal duties "conforming to usage and custom" which were systematically to the advantage of the masculine interests. How admit this ostracism against reason? This reasoning was approved on November 5, 1973 by a circular of the minister of justice who to, "stay away from the negative sides of the West," prohibited marriages between Muslims and non Muslims and who judged void marriages in which the non Muslim husband had not converted to Islam and where a certificate of conversion was not provided. There followed then a series of favourable articles in the French press on the situation of women in Tunisia. On September 14, thirteen members of the higher court published a fatwa, in which they affirmed that the Code contained elements judged opposed to the Koran, to the Sunna and to the Ijma. 0000330105 00000 n Le texte du code est paru dans les JORT n°s n° 20 des 3 et 6 mai 1966, 21 des 10 et ... - décret du 11 août 1937 portant statut des journalistes professionnels, - décret du 28 juillet 1938, rendant applicables à la Tunisie, les ... des droits du personnel salarié en cas de cession ou de transformation Le Code du statut personnel tunisien distingue les empêchements permanents des empêchements provisoires (art. 0000005544 00000 n "There will be no challenge and no abandonment of that which Tunisia realized to the benefit of women and the family". The 1980s are characterized in the same line through an immobility in terms of feminist reforms, with the exception of some advances not negotiable at the beginning of the decade: law no. In this context, the film maker Moufida Tlatli, famous for her film "The Silences of the Palace" (1994) was heavily criticized in the magazine "Realities" for having shown her scepticism on the supposed feminism of Islam during a television broadcast in October 1994. Rapport de partage d'une succession selon les dispositions du Code du Statut Personnel tunisien. The feminine condition is an area in which Tunisia under Bourguiba, as under Ben Ali, can claim its distinctiveness. On the morrow, March 19, Ben Ali, during a televised address, publicly asserted his support for the Code. At the end of 1987, Zine el Abidine inherited a society shared between conservatives, who urged modification of the Code in a regressive sense, and modernists who wished its continuance to symbolize Tunisia's anchorage in modernity. I respect this religion for which have done everything so that this Islamic country not be in colonial humiliation. Collette Juilliard-Beaudan thinks that Tunisian women "cease to choose a democratic form, (they) prefer secularism." 0000001021 00000 n Khalifa Chater-13 août 2019. The Code also prescribes that: "Each of the two spouses must treat the partner with kindness, live in good rapport and avoid all prejudice," thus abolishing the wife's obligation of obedience to her husband. How abase ourselves to this functioning of an intelligent animal?". At the same time, power desired the destabilization of the Marxist left and encouraged the founding of the Association for the Preservation of the Koran in January 1968 which contributed to the birth of the Islamist party Ennahda. The Code was promulgated by Decree of 13 August 1956, which was published in the Journal Officiel de la République Tunisienne No. This explained that the future of Islamic civilization depends on its modernization. 1930 to 19341934 to 19391939 to 19451945 to 19491949 to 1956. Moreover, certain mentalities take longer to change. However, more than this modernization concern, there existed as well the need to destabilize an importance source of political opposition based on religion. Même les actes les plus audacieux dans le cadre de la réforme, comme le CSP (Code du statut personnel), ont été accompagnés de justifications à partir d’une interprétation libérale de la loi religieuse. 93-66 of July 5, 1993 reaffirmed that: "There can be no discrimination between men and women in the application of the dispositions of the Code. Tunisie, RÉVISION DU CODE DU STATUT PERSONNEL. In the matrimonial domain, Tunisia remains often considered as a state open to the advances of the modern world. « Ayant été à l’origine du Code tunisien du statut personnel de 1956 et ayant participé directement à la confection et à la rédaction de ses principaux articles selon les directives du président Bourguiba je suis à même de vous dire très exactement dans quel esprit et selon quels principes ce Code a été élaboré… However, in perusing "the ways and means of permitting the promotion and strengthening the achievements of women without altering our Arab Muslim identity," Ben Ali on August 13, 1993, fixed the limits he considered impassable: The Tunisian minister in charge of women and the family on February 9, 1994, affirmed for her part in the French senate and taking some liberties with history: "When Bourguiba promulgated the Code, he did so in the name of Sharia and Islam.". The first strengthened the residence law to the benefit of mothers caring for children and the second harmonized the minimum marriage age to eighteen years for both sexes; the mean marriage age had reached 25 for women and 30 for men. But then, in behaving this way one destroys at one blow the fervour and veneration that we all owe to the sacred. Au regard de l’article 67 du Code du statut personnel tunisien, la mère qui obtient le droit de garde n’exerce que partiellement certaines prérogatives de la tutelle, à moins que le père ne puisse assurer son rôle de tuteur. Vu Notre décret du 12 juillet 1956 (30 doulhidja 1375), fixant le statut personnel des Tunisiens non musulmans et non israélites, Vu Notre décret du 3 août 1956 (25 doulhidja 1375), portant modification de certains articles du Code tunisien de procédure civile, 5 Cependant le statut personnel ne fut pas intégré dans le code civil, comme c’est le cas dans le droit français, même s’il en faisait partie. This series of reforms, although it fell short of the customary norm, which can be illustrated by the introductory adoption in 1958 unknown in Muslim lands and from the full adoption in 1959, never breaks with religion. Radhia Haddad, wrote in her autobiography "Woman's Talk" : "On the eve of independence, the most ancient and the most blatant injustice was the condition of women.". On January 10, 1957, the wearing of the veil at school was forbidden. authentique laïque, l’État tunisien, de l’indépendance à aujourd’hui, n’a jamais été laïc. Article 4 Code du statut personnel (Tunisie) Proposé par : Cimoi 2 avril 2008 à 17:41 (CEST) Dans le cadre du projet Tunisie et du Wikiconcours, j'ai amélioré cet article qui présente de façon précise et synthétique le sujet.Au terme de son passage en BA, quelques détails ont été arrangés, si vous avez des suggestions ou des questions, elles sont bien sûr les bienvenues. AFRICA24. This to the end of not committing injustice." Article 170. they were almost all dismissed or forced to retire. Les dispositions du présent chapitre s'appliqueront indifféremment aux interdits qu'ils soient de sexe masculin ou de sexe féminin. From this point of view, the Code was not promulgated under any feminist pressure, that, when it existed, was usually directed to other ideals. 0000004186 00000 n article 31. This act registered a series of reforms touching other aspects of the impact of religion on society. Les personnes successibles sont deux sortes : les héritiers réservataires et les héritiers agnats (aceb). 0000324233 00000 n Transfert vers Statut des femmes en Tunisie. Other measures consecrated the participation of the mother in the conduct of business concerning children and the obligatory consent of the mother for the marriage of her minor child. 0000335144 00000 n Ce code a fait l’objet depuis 1958, de nombreuses réformes. Nous, Mohamed Lamine Pacha Bey, Possesseur du Royaume de Tunisie; Vu le décret en date du 5 mai 1876 (30 rabia II 1293) sur le fonctionnement du Charaâ de Tunis et des Charaâs et Tribunaux de cadis de l'intérieur, Vu Notre décret du 21 septembre 1955 (30 safar 1375), relatif à During his first months in power, he put into place interruptions of television and radio broadcasts to broadcast the call to the five daily prayers and reopened Zitouma University, all while criticizing Bourguiba's secular "drift. "We reaffirm here our support for these achievements and our determination to protect them and to enhance them.". The suppression of free expression and of political opposition tarnishes the country's reputation abroad. L'article 23 du Code du statut personnel, tel qu'amendé par la loi n° 93-74 du 12 juillet 1993, portant modification de certains articles du Code du statut personnel, prévoit que [...] les deux époux s'entraident Furthermore, from 1999 to 2004 job creation grew 3.21 per cent for women, with an average of 19,000 created each year.